WASHINGTON, DC – Genocide reparations expert Dr. Jermaine McCalpin stressed that Congressional passage of the Armenian Genocide Resolution (S.Res.150 and H.Res.296) represents a key to countering the denial of this crime, seeking reparations, and securing justice, during the second installment of the Armenian National Committee of America’s (ANCA) Raphael Lemkin Policy Series.
“I am honored to have had the opportunity to host the second lecture of the Raphael Lemkin Policy Series,” said Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA), a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. “Dr. McCalpin led an excellent discussion on the recognition and remembrance of the Armenian Genocide. We must pass H.Res.296 to ensure it is the policy of the United States to commemorate the Armenian Genocide through official recognition and remembrance.”
Dr. McCalpin, the co-author of the landmark Armenian Genocide Reparations Study Group Report “Resolution with Justice,” outlined five reasons why the U.S. Congress should pass pending Armenian Genocide legislation:
1) It will send a message that the U.S. will honor its commitments to historical rectification, noting that passage is “ensuring that this type of recognition leads to decisive action.”
2) It will remove the veil of diplomatic protection of denial by Turkey of the Genocide.
3) It indicates U.S. global leadership in human rights demands and that initiates strategic actions and legislation
4) Sends a clear message that contemporary imperatives should not over-ride the continuation of the Genocide
5) History will judge us as having failed our antecedents by allowing them to be forgotten by virtue of not supporting Genocide recognition and by extension, reparations.
Dr. McCalpin made a powerful case for genocide reparations as a way to ensure that “the cloak of denial is removed. Once reparations are granted, there is no hiding behind the invention of history and selective recall by the Turkish state. Reparations take power away from perpetrators and deniers and give these powers to the victims, survivors, and descendants.” McCalpin also explained that reparations would help remediate victim identity and help “re-humanize” those who died and those who live on. Finally, reparations also establish compensation, which, McCalpin and the Armenian Genocide Reparations Study Group envisioned as a “comprehensive package of repair […] focused on the return of confiscated and sequestered land, property, and possessions taken from the Armenians in the committal of Genocide.” Overall, argued McCalpin, “reparations provide the opportunity to honestly engage the past, making peace with the past, because it serves as a mechanism of atonement for the ‘sin of genocide.’”
In his remarks, McCalpin framed reparations in the larger question of transitional justice – seeking an answer to the question, “how do we deal with the past.” McCalpin explained “Turkey has not asked or answered that question… Instead, the past has been sanitized and, as Umit Ungor says, ‘they have organized oblivion – they have taken Armenia out of history altogether.’” McCalpin argued that “Turkey is not ultimately a truly democratic society, one, because it has not reckoned with its past, and two because it is a polity enamored by repression and intimidation. When we talk about democratization, we can’t expect to remove the blight of the Armenian Genocide. We can’t get to justice and democratization without addressing this vexing problem. Turkey cannot proclaim democracy while denying its historical obligations to provide reparations.”
McCalpin cited a number of important lessons learned from the reparations for the Jewish Holocaust, including:
1) Granting reparations for the genocide or killing of Jews means that while the tragedy still helps to shape Jewish identity, the remembrance focuses on the event rather than the injustice and ignominy of denial.
2) Genocide cannot kill the memory of the resilience of motivated people.
3) History reminds us that injustice and genocide know no color, religion or economic status. That is why we have to be motivated to help and to advocate for change and justice wherever we see injustice.
ANCA Government Affairs Director Tereza Yerimyan opened the program thanking Congressman Sherman and noting, “our aim, very simply, is to foster ongoing Capitol Hill conversations about the UN Genocide Convention – bringing new energy, insights, and inspiration to the work of our Congress in preventing and punishing this most terrible of all crimes,” said Yerimyan. “Through the name of our lectures, we – of course – honor the life’s work of Raphael Lemkin, the Jewish lawyer from Poland, who both coined the word ‘genocide’ – specifically referencing the Armenian massacres – and then shepherded UN passage of this landmark treaty.”
Ambassador John Evans – who represented the United States in Armenia between 2004 and 2006, until his tenure was cut short by the White House over his truthful statements about the Armenian Genocide – participated in the discussion portion of the program, raising questions informed by his extensive first-hand experience in this area. Ambassador Evans is the author of “Truth Held Hostage,” which recounts his principled stand against Turkey’s attempts to enforce a gag-rule against honest U.S. remembrance of the Armenian Genocide.
Thousands watched Dr. McCalpin’s lecture online, on ANCA Facebook and Twitter livestreams. Links to both platforms are available below.
A reception following the program was organized in collaboration with the Congressional Armenian Staff Association.
Dr. Jermaine McCalpin serves as Chair of the African and African-American Studies Program at New Jersey City University. He received his B.Sc. in Political Science and International Relations and M.Sc. from the University of the West Indies, Mona. He earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from Brown University. Dr. McCalpin is an internationally recognized expert and consultant on transitional justice, genocides and reparations. He has traveled to South Africa, Cambodia, Armenia, and across the United States and Canada researching and presenting on the Armenian genocide, the transatlantic trade in Africans and reparations, truth commissions and issues of justice. Dr. McCalpin specializes in Africana political philosophy, Caribbean political thought, and transitional justice. His research interests include truth commissions, commissions of inquiry and political accountability, reparations for historic injustice such as slavery, Native American and Armenian genocides. McCalpin has written on the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its development of a restorative justice approach to South Africa’s transitional justice issues as well as the moral justification for reparations for slavery and the Armenian Genocide.
The Lemkin series is made possible by the ANCA Endowment Fund and the generosity of the Aramian Family – led by sisters Sue, the late Margo, and the late Martha – long-time benefactors of educational and charitable projects in the Armenian homeland and the diaspora. The series is named after Raphael Lemkin, the lawyer who first coined the term “genocide” after learning about the Armenian Genocide. He led the global movement to adopt the “UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide”, which was adopted by the United Nations in December 1948. A landmark of international law, the Convention defines genocide as an international crime.
Dr. Henry Theriault, President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, helped the ANCA launch the Lemkin Policy series in February, with a presentation on Lemkin’s life and his contributions to ending the cycle of Genocide. “The lesson of Lemkin that we can take is that we are in a position to do something about genocide. It seems daunting. It took Lemkin decades to get a law against genocide. It took the world half a century to begin to deal with genocide. These are lifetime commitments – but making that commitment and keeping that commitment […] maybe we will have a genocide-free world because of the things that people in this room are doing now,” stated Theriault.
U.S. Senate and House Armenian Genocide legislation (S.Res.150 and H.Res.296) aim at establishing, as a matter of U.S. policy, 1) the rejection of Armenian Genocide denial, 2) ongoing official U.S. government recognition and remembrance of this crime, and 3) the importance of education about the Armenian Genocide in preventing modern-day atrocities.
Over 100 U.S. Representatives have cosponsored H.Res. 296, which was spearheaded by Representatives Adam Schiff (D-CA) and Gus Bilirakis (R-FL). The Senate version, led by Senators Bob Menendez (D-NJ) and Ted Cruz (R-TX), currently has 18 cosponsors. The ANCA supports immediate consideration and passage of both measures.
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